Chapter 33About 3 minAll chapters

Structure and length — arranging sections into a song

How to order sections and how long to make them: the last step from fragments to a finished song.

The final chapter. Everything so far produced fragments. This is about arranging them into a song — design work rather than theory.

Chapter 21 said each section has a different job. Here we decide the order and the lengths — the step where the fragments from earlier chapters become a song.

How long should a song be?

For streaming, around three minutes is the usual target, with a short intro — most tracks have vocals starting within fifteen seconds. For game music or background scoring, one to two minutes works fine because it loops.

A song is sections, arranged.

A common running order

  1. Intro — a few bars. Set the air. Do not let it run long.
  2. Verse — start talking. Lower range, fewer notes (chapter 21).
  3. Pre-chorus — the run-up. Do not resolve; keep pulling (chapter 15).
  4. Chorus — put the highest note here and repeat heavily (chapter 20).
  5. Second verse, or an interlude — repeat the shape of the first half.
  6. Final chorus — sometimes lifted by a modulation or a semitone (chapter 17).
  7. Outro — end quickly. Repeating part of the chorus is enough.
In plain wordsStructure (arrangement)

Which sections go in which order, and for how long. The same melody in a different structure is a different song.

Different progressions suit different sections

The standard progressions from chapters 13 and 14 each suit particular sections: one that starts dark suits a verse, one that lifts suits a pre-chorus, one that opens up bright suits a chorus. Play the three below in order and it already sounds like a song.

  • Verse (Am, F, C, G) — start dark

    Am | F | C | G

  • Pre-chorus (F, G, Em, Am) — lift

    F | G | Em | Am

  • Chorus (C, G, Am, F) — open up bright

    C | G | Am | F

Progressions that suit each section, played in running order. Heard back to back they form the shape of a song.Buttons and keys in the diagrams play sound. Check your volume first.

All three are standard progressions from part three. Not one new chord is involved. The order alone creates the rise and fall.

Think in eight-bar units

Eight bars is the default length for a section, or four if you want it short. Build in those units and rearranging later never breaks. ChordMelo handles up to sixteen bars, so a whole section fits in one generation.

Assembling a song with ChordMelo

  1. Decide a progression per section. The three above work as they are.
  2. Generate section by section, matching the mode and the section setting.
  3. Save only the takes you like as MIDI. Put the section name in the filename.
  4. Lay them out in a DAW: intro → verse → pre-chorus → chorus.
  5. Tidy the accompaniment's voicing using chapter 29.
  6. Set velocity and timing using chapter 30.

What this series covered

  • Part 1 — note names, lengths, meter, scales. The raw materials.
  • Part 2 — how chords are built and the seven inside a key.
  • Part 3 — what chords do, and why the standards are standard.
  • Part 4 — how a melody moves over chords.
  • Part 5 — odd meters and what lies outside this theory.
  • Part 6 — intervals, clashes, voicing, programming, structure.

That is all 33 chapters. What is here stays as somewhere to come back to when you need it. Theory is not something to finish in advance; it is something you look up when stuck. From here, only the number of things you write actually matters. Go and put them out.

One last time, over a chorus-shaped progression. It will not sound the way it did back in chapter one.

Generate over a chorus progression
The one thing to remember

A song is sections of eight bars in a row. Arrange your fragments by role and the shape appears.

Quick review

Everything here is answerable from this chapter. Pick an option and the answer appears straight away.

  1. Question 1

    What is the default length of a section?

  2. Question 2

    When is it recommended to write the intro?

Browse chord progressions